BIOPROSPEKSI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN TUMBUHAN FAMILI DIPTEROCARPACEAE SEBAGAI SUMBER ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIBAKTERI ALAMI

Abstract

The Dipterocarpaceae family is a dominant tree group in the tropical forests of Kalimantan and harbors diverse bioactive compounds; however, bioprospecting studies on the leaves, particularly as sources of natural antioxidants and antibacterial agents, remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the secondary metabolite content, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf extracts from five Dipterocarpaceae species, namely Shorea seminis, S. balangeran, Dryobalanops aromatica, D. lanceolata, and D. beccarii. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol as solvent. Phytochemical screening was performed qualitatively, antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method, and antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes was evaluated by agar well diffusion. Phytochemical screening revealed that the five extracts had distinct secondary metabolite profiles, with D. beccarii showing the most diverse composition, including flavonoids, tannins, steroids, carotenoids, coumarins, and phenols. The highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity was observed in D. aromatica, with 99.20% ± 0.00 inhibition at a concentration of 25 ppm, followed by D. beccarii and S. balangeran, which also exhibited strong activity. Antibacterial testing showed that all extracts inhibited the growth of C. acnes, with the largest inhibition zone recorded for S. seminis at 21.50 mm at 500 µg/well. These findings indicate that the leaves of the Shorea and Dryobalanops species studied have promising potential as raw materials for the development of phytopharmaceutical products. This study supports the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 3 through the exploration of natural materials for health, and SDG 15 through the enhancement of the value of tropical forest plants.