UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KRATOM (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) DENGAN METODE MASERASI DAN REFLUKS TERHADAP LARVA Artemia salina Leach

Abstract

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) is believed to have medicinal properties. Kratom plants contain alkaloid chemical compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids and several other chemical contents including Mitraginin which is suspected to have toxic effects. The purpose of this study was to find out the toxic properties of kratom leaf ethanol extract against the larvae of Artemia salina Leach. Know the value of Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) ethanol extract kratom leaves. Find out what compounds are contained in the ethanol extract of kratom leaves by the method of maceration and reflux. The research conducted is experimental research with research stages namely plant determination, sampling, simplisia manufacturing, extract making of maceration and reflux methods, yield calculation, water content, phytochemical screening of kratom leaf ethanol extract, acute toxicity test with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method, using Artemia salina Leach larvae aged 36-48. BSLT testing to determine LC50 values with concentrations of 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 400 ppm and negative control. The data analysis used is the probit analysis method. The results showed that ethanol extract of kratom leaves positive method of maceration and reflux contains chemical compounds alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids / triterpenoids. The yield of the maceration method extract is 34.49% and the reflux method is 32.1%. The water content of the maceration method extract is 6.5% and the water content of the reflux method is 8%. The LC50 value obtained from the maceration method is 143.50 ppm and the reflux method is 71.08 ppm. Ethanol extract of kratom leaves reflux maceration method indicates a toxic category against the larvae of Artemia salina Leach.