Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung: Sains Farmasi Dan Kesehatan

JEJARING FARMAKOLOGI DAUN UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas L.) SEBAGAI PENYEMBUHAN LUKA BAKAR

Tri Diana Puspita Rini, Wa Ode Fefen Nurmalah — Fri, 29 May 2026 02:27:11 +0000

Burns are complex tissue injuries involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death, requiring effective and safe therapy. Sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas L.) are known to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and polyphenols, which have potential as wound healing agents. This study aims to identify the molecular mechanisms of active compounds from sweet potato leaves in burn wound healing using a network pharmacology approach. The research methods included identification of active compounds through the KNApSAcK database and literature, structure verification using PubChem, and drug-likeness analysis using SwissADME based on Lipinski’s rules. Protein target prediction was performed using SwissTargetPrediction, while disease targets were obtained from GeneCards. Protein-protein network analysis (PPI) was performed using STRING and visualization with Cytoscape. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis were then performed. The results showed 29 active compounds with 231 target proteins that overlapped with burn injury genes. Topological analysis identified key proteins such as STAT3, IL6, AKT1, and CASP3. GO and KEGG analyses revealed the involvement of inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and tissue proliferation and regeneration. These findings suggest that sweet potato leaves have potential as a burn wound healing agent through an integrated multi-target mechanism.

PENGARUH PENCAMPURAN MINYAK NABATI TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN OTENTIKASI MINYAK ATSIRI JAHE GAJAH DENGAN SPEKTROSKOPI FTIR DAN KEMOMETRIK

Fri, 29 May 2026 02:31:18 +0000

Big ginger essential oil (BGEO) is a natural source with antibacterial activity. Some traders on online shopping platforms sell ginger oil that may be diluted with a solvent, which could harm customers by increasing the risk of allergies and reducing its biological activity. This study aimed to determine the effect of diluting BGEO with vegetable oils on antibacterial activity and to authenticate BGEO purchased from an online market using FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. Pure BGEO was obtained by hydrodistillation. Ten BGEO products were obtained from an online shopping platform. The pure BGEO was diluted with three vegetable oils: soybean oil (SO), virgin coconut oil (VCO), and palm oil (PO). Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the microdilution method. The result showed the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of pure BGEO against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were 6.25 mg/mL and 12.50 mg/mL, respectively. The dilution of big ginger essential oil with vegetable oil did not reduce its antibacterial activity. The adulteration of BGEO with palm oil enhanced its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Most commercial big ginger oils were not similar to BGEO from West Sumatra, and one of the commercial ginger oils may contain vegetable oil as a diluent. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) successfully classified pure BGEO and commercial BGEO. Adulteration of big ginger essential oil with vegetable oil did not reduce its antibacterial activity.

PENGARUH PAPARAN ASAP OBAT NYAMUK BAKAR TERHADAP KADAR ESTROGEN DAN KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus)

Fri, 29 May 2026 02:32:48 +0000

Mosquito coils containing synthetic pyrethroids are widely used in households and may pose reproductive health risks due to inhalation of combustion smoke. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mosquito coil smoke exposure on sperm quality and serum estrogen levels. An experimental study was conducted using Mus musculus divided into control and exposure groups. The observed parameters included sperm concentration, sperm morphology, and serum estrogen levels, which were statistically analyzed to determine differences between groups. The results demonstrated that mosquito coil smoke exposure significantly decreased sperm concentration and increased abnormal sperm morphology compared to the control group (p < 0.05). A decreasing trend in serum estrogen levels was observed in the exposure group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, exposure to mosquito coil smoke containing synthetic pyrethroids may impair sperm quality and influence hormonal regulation. These findings suggest a potential risk of reproductive dysfunction associated with chronic household insecticide exposure.

ANALISIS RASIONALITAS FARMAKOTERAPI PASCA Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) PADA PASIEN PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER DENGAN STENT KORONER DI RUMAH SAKIT DAERAH SAMARINDA

Hery Kurniawan, Oky Zakiawati Ningrum, Juliyanti — Fri, 29 May 2026 02:41:15 +0000

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases and a leading cause of mortality both in Indonesia and globally. The standard interventional approach for CHD patients involves stent implantation through Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Following this procedure, patients require long-term pharmacotherapy to prevent restenosis and other cardiovascular complications. Non-adherence to clinical guidelines in medication use may increase the risk of adverse effects and diminish therapeutic outcomes, thereby necessitating an evaluation of treatment rationality. This study aimed to evaluate patient characteristics, medication patterns, and pharmacotherapy rationality in CHD patients with coronary stents at a Regional Hospital in Samarinda. A descriptive retrospective study was conducted using medical records from January to December 2023. A total of 81 patients met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using four rationality parameters established by the Indonesian Ministry of Health: appropriateness of indication, drug selection, dosage, and patient. The results demonstrated that the majority of patients were male and of adult age (18-59 years). The most frequently prescribed regimen was the combination of ticagrelor with aspirin and clopidogrel with aspirin as dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), followed by statin administration and medications for comorbidities including diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The rationality analysis revealed 100% appropriateness for indication, dosage, and patient parameters, while drug selection appropriateness reached 97.5%.

PENGARUH FAKTOR PENGETAHUAN DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KEPATUHAN SERTA KEBERHASILAN TERAPI PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS PARU RAWAT JALAN

Clara Ritawany Sinaga, Esty Elvinda, Annafiatuzakiah, Juarita Injiliani — Fri, 29 May 2026 02:46:00 +0000

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, with a high disease burden and treatment success that largely depends on patient adherence. Non-medical factors such as knowledge and motivation are believed to play important roles in improving adherence and treatment outcomes; however, simultaneous analyses of these factors remain limited, particularly in East Kalimantan. This study aimed to analyze the influence of knowledge and motivation on adherence and their impact on treatment outcomes among pulmonary TB outpatients. A quantitative analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted among 84 pulmonary TB outpatients at RSUD Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda (June–July 2024). Data were collected using a knowledge questionnaire (Guttman scale), a motivation questionnaire (Likert scale), and the MARS-5 adherence instrument, along with medical record data for treatment outcomes. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression. The majority of respondents had good knowledge (83.3%), good motivation (50%), and moderate adherence (53.6%). Treatment outcomes showed that 85.7% of patients were cured. A significant association was found between knowledge and adherence (p = 0.004). Overall, knowledge and motivation contributed to improved adherence, which subsequently affected treatment success. A holistic approach integrating improvements in patient knowledge and motivation is essential for enhancing adherence and treatment outcomes in pulmonary TB. These findings support strengthening educational and motivational interventions by healthcare professionals to optimize treatment success among pulmonary TB outpatients.

EVALUASI POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN MANGGA ARUMANIS (Mangifera indica L. var. Arumanis) DALAM SISTEM NANOPARTIKEL KITOSAN DENGAN UJI DPPH

Hilmia Lukman, Umi Narsih — Fri, 29 May 2026 02:48:34 +0000

Oxidative stress is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases, highlighting the need for effective natural antioxidants with enhanced bioavailability. This study aimed to develop a chitosan-based nanoparticle system containing Mangifera indica var. arumanis leaf extract and to evaluate its antioxidant activity. Nanoparticle synthesis was achieved via ionic gelation, followed by morphological characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Antioxidant efficacy was evaluated through the DPPH assay by calculating IC?? values, with ascorbic acid serving as the reference standard. The ethanolic extract yielded an IC?? of 94.92 ppm. In contrast, the chitosan nanoparticle formulation significantly improved antioxidant performance, achieving an IC?? of 80.05 ppm. Ascorbic acid showed the highest antioxidant activity with an IC?? value of 4.86 ppm. These findings indicate that the chitosan nanoparticle system improves the antioxidant effectiveness of Mangifera indica var. arumanis leaf extract and has potential for development as a natural antioxidant agent.

PENGEMBANGAN EKSTRAK BILBERI (Vaccinium myrtillus) TERSTANDARISASI MENJADI GRANUL EFERVESEN SEBAGAI SUPLEMEN ANTIOKSIDAN

Cornelius Steven Kashawan, Farida Lanawati Darsono, Kuncoro Foe — Fri, 29 May 2026 02:52:28 +0000

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is rich in anthocyanins and is commonly marketed in liquid dosage forms; however, these preparations often exhibit limited physical and chemical stability. To improve stability, the development of an effervescent granule formulation is proposed. This study aimed to optimize an effervescent granule formulation containing bilberry extract (GE-EB) based on moisture content, flow rate, effervescent dissolution time, and antioxidant activity. Bilberry dry extract was produced by percolation using water as the solvent, then subjected to spray drying and subsequent standardization. Effervescent granules containing 160 mg of bilberry extract per sachet were prepared using the wet granulation method. The proportions of citric acid and tartaric acid critically affect effervescent reaction kinetics, particle hydration, dissolution time, hardness, and stability. Therefore, their ratio was optimized using a factorial design, with citric acid monohydrate (8–12%) as factor A and tartaric acid (16–24%) as factor B. The evaluated responses included moisture content, flow rate, and dissolution time. Physical quality assessments comprised organoleptic properties, pH, moisture content, flow characteristics, and dissolution time. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method and expressed as IC?? values obtained with a microplate reader. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA (Yates treatment), followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. The GE-EB formulations demonstrated acceptable physical characteristics, with pH values of 5.59–6.65, moisture content of 2.66–2.99%, flow rate of 5.35–5.54 g/s, angle of repose of 27.49°–27.67°, Hausner ratio of 1.13–1.16, Carr’s index of 12.10–14.20%, and dissolution time of 1.34–2.54 minutes. Citric acid monohydrate, tartaric acid, and their interaction significantly affected all evaluated responses. Citric acid monohydrate, tartaric acid, and their interaction had a significant effect on all evaluated responses. The optimal formulation contained 10.27% citric acid monohydrate and 16.93% tartaric acid, resulting in granules with a moisture content of 2.81%, a flow rate of 5.51 g/s, and a dissolution time of 1.5 minutes. This formulation demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with an IC?? value of 161.74 ± 0.97 ?g/mL.

BIOSINTESIS NANOPARTIKEL ZINK OKSIDA MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) SEBAGAI AGEN ANTIMIKROBA

Tasya Solinia M.S, Nur Aira Juwita, Muhammad Fauzan Lubis — Fri, 29 May 2026 02:57:27 +0000

Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts has emerged as an environmentally friendly method for producing antimicrobial materials. The utilization of papaya seed extract (Carica papaya L.) as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles remains limited. This study aimed to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles using papaya seed extract and to evaluate their structural properties, optical characteristics, colloidal stability, thermal behavior, and antimicrobial activity. The synthesis was carried out using zinc nitrate as a precursor at pH 8 under controlled heating, followed by purification and drying. Characterization results showed an absorption peak at 367 nm with a band gap energy of 3.38 eV. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with an average crystallite size of 45 nm. The particles exhibited a nearly spherical morphology with sizes ranging from 20-80 nm. A zeta potential value of -23.46 mV indicated moderate colloidal stability. Thermal analysis revealed the presence of residual phytochemical compounds adsorbed on the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activity testing showed an increase in the inhibition zone diameter with increasing nanoparticle concentration. At a concentration of 25 mg/mL, the inhibition zone diameters against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and C. albicans were 13.76 ± 0.88 mm, 12.25 ± 0.85 mm, and 14.88 ± 0.18 mm, respectively. These values decreased at lower concentrations, with the lowest activity observed at 0.375 mg/mL. These findings indicate that papaya seed extract has potential as a natural bioreducing agent in the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles for environmentally friendly antimicrobial nanotechnology applications.

ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI Enterobacter sp. PADA BURUNG KUNTUL BESAR (Egretta alba) DI KECAMATAN BAITUSSALAM

Mutia Sukma Langkana, Masda Admi, Azhari, Fakhrurrazi, Razali Daud — Fri, 29 May 2026 03:02:53 +0000

The great egret (Egretta lba) is a waterbird that inhabits wetland ecosystems and has potential to act as a reservoir for enteric bacteria, including Enterobacter sp. This bacterium is opportunistic in nature and can pose a health risk to animals, humans, and the environment. This study aimed to isolated and identify Enterobacter sp. from great egrets (Egretta alba) inhabiting the mangrove forest ecosystem of Baitussalam District, Aceh Besar. The study was conducted through field obsevation and laboratory exploration using the Carter method. A total of ten cloacal swab samples from great egrets were inoculated into Nutrient Broth (NB) and subsequently isolated on MacConkey Agar (MCA). The resulting colonies were observed for their morphological characteristics, subjected to Gram staining, and analyzed using biochemical tests including IMViC, TSIA, SIM, and carbohydrate fermentation test. The results showed that all samples revealed that the isolated bacteria were Gram-negative and rod-shape. Biochemical test results indicated negative indole, motility positive, MR positive, VP negative, SCA positive, and the ability to ferment various carbohydrates. Based on the identification results, the bacterium isolated was Enterobacter sp.

ANALISIS FARMAKOEKONOMI TELEMEDICINE: COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS PADA DUA MODEL PELAYANAN KESEHATAN

Fri, 29 May 2026 03:14:11 +0000

Health services require both direct medical costs and indirect non-medical costs, which can impose a financial burden on patients and society. Telemedicine is an innovative healthcare service that enables patients to receive medical care without the need for face-to-face visits to hospitals, thereby potentially reducing healthcare costs. As a form of remote healthcare service, telemedicine may improve service efficiency while minimizing the expenses incurred by patients. This study aimed to analyze the cost–benefit comparison between direct telemedicine services and outpatient healthcare services at Hospital X. This study used an observational design with a retrospective data collection approach. Data were collected using an observation sheet as the research instrument. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique based on predetermined inclusion criteria, resulting in a total of six patients. The benefits were measured using the human capital method and Benefit–Cost Ratio (BCR), and the obtained data were analyzed using a paired t-test. The results showed that the use of telemedicine services generated cost savings of IDR 985,000 per year, with a BCR value of 1.6. The statistical analysis showed a significance value of 0.071, indicating that there was no statistically significant difference between the two healthcare service models. In conclusion, telemedicine has the potential to provide cost efficiency for patients and society. Cost analysis is therefore important in determining the most beneficial healthcare service model for the community.

EKSPLORASI AKTIVITAS ANTIOSTEOARTRITIS EKSTRAK ETANOL 25% BIJI PINANG (Areca catechu) MELALUI PEMBERIAN ORAL

Fri, 29 May 2026 03:19:56 +0000

Osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by the gradual deterioration of articular cartilage, accompanied by synovial inflammation and structural alterations in joint tissues. These pathological changes contribute to pain and impaired joint mobility, thereby reducing quality of life. The exploration of natural product-based therapies has gained increasing attention as an alternative approach for managing osteoarthritis. Areca catechu seeds are known to contain various secondary metabolites with potential pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-osteoarthritic potential of a 25% ethanolic extract of Areca catechu seeds administered orally in an experimental animal model. Osteoarthritis was induced in male rats through intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the knee joint. The animals were divided into five groups consisting of a negative control group receiving 0.5% Na-CMC, a positive control group treated with meloxicam at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight, and three treatment groups administered the extract at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight. The results demonstrated that extract administration improved joint condition, as indicated by a reduction in knee joint diameter and attenuation of inflammatory responses based on histological observations. The most pronounced therapeutic effect was observed at the dose of 300 mg/kg body weight. These findings suggest that the 25% ethanolic extract of Areca catechu seeds has promising potential for further development as an anti-osteoarthritic therapeutic candidate.

OPTIMASI FORMULA SUPOSITORIA PARACETAMOL KOMBINASI BASIS LEMAK COKLAT (Theobroma cacao L.) DAN LEMAK TENGKAWANG (Shorea mecistopteryx Ridl.) DENGAN METODE SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN (SLD)

Yullia Sukawaty, Eni Agustina, Husnul Warnida, Rusdiati Helmidanora — Fri, 29 May 2026 03:24:59 +0000

Suppositories, are solid forms of medication intended for rectal, vaginal, or urethral administration. Cocoa butter (Theobroma cacao L.) is a widely used base in suppository formulations. However, Tengkawang fat (Shorea mecistopteryx Ridl.) shows potential as an alternative substitute due to its similar characteristics to cocoa butter and its superior stability, as it does not undergo significant polymorphic changes after heating, cooling, and storage. This study aimed to find optimal formulation of a paracetamol suppository using a combination of Tengkawang fat and cocoa butter bases to achieve ideal physical stability. An experimental research method was employed, utilizing a Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) to optimize the base ratios. The formula physical content was then analyzed using Design-Expert® 13. The experiment found that configuration consisted of 36.79% Tengkawang fat and 63.21% cocoa butter had optimum results that significantly influences the physical characteristics and stability of the paracetamol suppository, ensuring it meets the physical requirements of a good suppository.

BIOPROSPEKSI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN TUMBUHAN FAMILI DIPTEROCARPACEAE SEBAGAI SUMBER ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIBAKTERI ALAMI

Fri, 29 May 2026 03:29:18 +0000

The Dipterocarpaceae family is a dominant tree group in the tropical forests of Kalimantan and harbors diverse bioactive compounds; however, bioprospecting studies on the leaves, particularly as sources of natural antioxidants and antibacterial agents, remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the secondary metabolite content, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf extracts from five Dipterocarpaceae species, namely Shorea seminis, S. balangeran, Dryobalanops aromatica, D. lanceolata, and D. beccarii. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol as solvent. Phytochemical screening was performed qualitatively, antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method, and antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes was evaluated by agar well diffusion. Phytochemical screening revealed that the five extracts had distinct secondary metabolite profiles, with D. beccarii showing the most diverse composition, including flavonoids, tannins, steroids, carotenoids, coumarins, and phenols. The highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity was observed in D. aromatica, with 99.20% ± 0.00 inhibition at a concentration of 25 ppm, followed by D. beccarii and S. balangeran, which also exhibited strong activity. Antibacterial testing showed that all extracts inhibited the growth of C. acnes, with the largest inhibition zone recorded for S. seminis at 21.50 mm at 500 µg/well. These findings indicate that the leaves of the Shorea and Dryobalanops species studied have promising potential as raw materials for the development of phytopharmaceutical products. This study supports the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 3 through the exploration of natural materials for health, and SDG 15 through the enhancement of the value of tropical forest plants.