Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung

PENGEMBANGAN SEDIAAN TABLET ESTROGENIK DARI EKSTRAK RUMPUT KEBAR (Biophytum petersianum) MENGGUNAKAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI PENGIKAT PVP K-30

2024-01-26T06:54:02+00:00

Kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) contains steroid, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. The use of Kebar grass extract can increase the development of follicles because it contains saponins which are the basic ingredients for the synthesis of steroid hormones and can improve the performance of reproductive system. This study aims to determine the quality the tablets made from Kebar grass extract with varying concentrations of PVP K-30 binder. Tablets were made in 3 formulas with varying concentrations of PVP K-30 as a binder, namely 2% (F1), 3% (F2), and 4% (F3). Methods of making tablets by wet granulation. Tablet quality testing includes organoleptic, weight uniformity, thickness, diameter, hardness, friability, and disintegration time. The flavonoid quercetin was used as a marker for tablet analysis. The results showed that the tablets were round in shape, white-gray in color, had a slightly bitter taste and had a characteristic aromatic odor. The average value of tablet weight uniformity is 290.06 – 306.45 mg (KV <5%), tablet diameter is 0.91 -0.92 cm, thickness is 0.41 – 0.48 cm, hardness is 4.06 – 7.95 kp, friability 0.17 – 0.21% and tablet disintegration time < 15 minutes. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the differences in the concentration of PVP K-30 did not affect the hardness and friability of the tablets (p> 0.05). The level of the flavonoid quercetin in the tablet is 0.17 – 0.21%. The conclusion that Kebar grass extract tablets can be made using PVP K-30 at a concentration of 2-4% as a binder and the quality of the tablets is not significantly different.

AKTIVITAS PENURUNAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS PADA EKSTRAK DAUN LIDAH MERTUA (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain)

2024-01-26T06:54:53+00:00

Sansevieria trifasciata is one of the plants used as medicine, especially the leaves are used by the community as a lowering blood glucose. Flavonoid compounds contained in Sansevieria trifasciata’s leaves have antioxidant properties that protect pancreatic cells from free radicals. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of the ethanol extract of Sansevieria trifasciata’s leaves in reducing blood glucose levels in rats. This research was conducted using the pre and post-test method with randomized control group design, using 5 treatment groups: negative control (CMC Na), positive control (Glibenclamide 0.09 mg/200 gBW) and 3 treatment groups with doses: 100, 150 and 200 mg/kgBB. All groups were induced with alloxan 150 mg/kgBW i.p for 3 consecutive days, then given treatment for 15 days. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA test with p <0.05 then followed by LSD test. The test results in this study showed that there was no significant difference between the positive controls at doses of 150 and 200 mg/kgBW with p>0.05. The highest activity was achieved by a dose of 200 mg/kgBW because it reduced blood glucose levels to the highest, namely 32.6 mg/dl on the 15^th day.

OPTIMASI GEL EKSTRAK DAUN BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

2024-01-26T06:55:28+00:00

Belimbing wuluh leaves (DBW) are a plant that has antibacterial properties with active flavonoid compounds. The leaf extract with a concentration of 10% has a strong inhibitory ability against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) bacteria. Gel preparations have several advantages, including having water content with cooling, soothing, moisturizing properties, easy to use, easy to penetrate the skin, and provide a healing effect. The aim of this research was to determine the optimal comparison of CMC-Na and Carbopol 940 bases in starfruit leaf extract gel preparations using the Simplex lattice design (SLD) method and to evaluate the antibacterial activity on SA bacteria. DBW extraction uses a maceration extraction method using 96% ethanol. The optimal DBW extract gel formula was determined using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method using Design Expert 11. Verification of the optimal DBW extract gel formula using one sample T-test. The antibacterial test on SA used the well method and the results were analyzed using One Way Anova. The optimal formula obtained was tested for stability using freeze thaw cycling and acceptability tested. The optimal concentration of CMC-Na and Carbopol 940 produced by the SLD method is CMC-Na of 35% (0.7 g) and Carbopol 940 of 65% (1.3 g) with a total base weight of 2g. The results of the antibacterial test showed that the gel preparation could inhibit SA bacteria with an inhibition zone of 14.43 ± 0.707 mm. The results of the optimal formula verification test obtained a p value of >0.05, so the data obtained was not significantly different and it can be said that the formula for the SLD method results was valid including pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion power. The optimal gel formula obtained shows that the preparation is stable in storage and can be accepted by respondents.

PERBANDINGAN KADAR DAN UJI MUTU FISIK INJEKSI DEXAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH MASA KADALUARSA SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS

2024-01-26T06:56:20+00:00

Corticosteroids are drugs that contain synthetic steroid hormones. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection is a sterile preparation where a sterile preparation when opened will be exposed to air and microorganism in the surrounding environment, so that drug levels and potency will decrease. The use of steroid injection includes the use that is often used in hospitals and makes stock increase, this increase in preparations which often makes expired preparations will increase and become a problem in every hospital. This study aimed to determine the effect of storage at room temperature and refrigerator temperature on the level and physical quality of dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection before and after expiration. This study used dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection before and after expiration. The raw material for dexamethasone sodium phosphate is listed on the COA, 2022. The injection was stored at room temperature (<30⁰C) and refrigerator temperature (2-8⁰C) within 14 days, then organoleptic observation, pH test, and assay were carried out using UV-VIS Spectrophotometry. Quantitative analysis was carried out by comparing the levels of dexamethasone injection before and after the expiration date based on the linear regression chart and the paired sample t-test. The results obtained show that storage at room temperature and refrigerator temperature does not affect organoleptic observations, pH at the levels of dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection before and after expiration. Testing of dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection levels before and after expiration at room temperature storage (<300C) did not have a significant difference, while dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection levels before and after expiration at refrigerator temperature storage (2-80C) had a significant difference.

ISOLASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DARI EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN MARPUYAN (Rhodamnia cinerea Jack.)

2024-01-26T06:57:31+00:00

A study on isolation and antibacterial activity of secondary metabolites from the methanol extract of Marpuyan (Rhodamnia cinerea Jack.) Leaves on Escherichia coli has been carried out. Isolation was carried out by column chromatography methods. Whereas the antibacterial activity test was carried out using agar diffusion method. The results of the isolation produced 17.9 mg of RC-F13 isolate compound in the form of light yellow crystals, with a melting point of 170-172^oC and soluble in methanol. The results of identification of RC- F13 isolate compounds through testing with AlCl₃ reagents, positive including the flavonoid group, were strengthened by the results of the UV spectrum and FT-IR spectrum. Based on the results of the UV spectrum, it was seen that the RC- F13 isolate compound showed λ max 353.60, 257.00 and 209.20 nm. The FT-IR spectrum shows the presence of several functional groups such as OH, C aliphatic C-H, C = O carbonyl, C = C aromatic and C-O. testing the antibacterial activity of methanol extract with a concentration of 20%; 10%; 1%; 0.1% and 0.01%, fraction 13 at 1% concentration; 0.1% and 0.01% and RC- F13 isolate compound concentration of 0.1%, against Escherichia coli bacteria did not show any antibacterial activity which was marked by the absence of clear areas around the disc.

POTENSI ANTIBAKTERI GEL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PARE (Momordica charantia L) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

2024-01-26T06:57:49+00:00

Bacteria The main causes of skin infections among them caused by staphylococcus aureus bacteria, each infected network usually appears typical signs such as inflammation and abscess formation. Pare leaves (Momordica Charantia L.) can be used as antibacterial because they contain flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. This study aims to obtain a gel preparation of the pare leaf ethanol extract that has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Dietary leaf extract pare is done by Maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. Deads are made with a concentration of 15%, 20% and 25%. The quality control test of the gel preparations include tests for homogeneity, organoleptic, dispersibility, adhesion, pH, viscosity and irritation then continued with antibacterial activity tests. The results showed that formula 3 (concentration 25%) met the requirements of the physical properties test including organoleptic test of green color, brownish concentrated, transparent, distinctive aroma, thick texture, homogeneous, has a pH of 5.8±0.0, viscosity 3100±0.0 cps, spreadability 5.3 ±0.27 cm, adhesion 1.22±0.02 seconds, and does not irritate the skin and has the greatest antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity test showed that the diameter of the inhibition zones obtained in the ethanol extract gel preparations of pare leaves at concentrations of 15%, 20% and 25% were 16.58±0.33 mm, 17.87±0.78 mm, and 22.20±0.78 mm, respectively.

PENETAPAN KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI ETANOL, FRAKSI KLOROFORM, FRAKSI N-HEKSANA, FRAKSI AIR, FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DARI DAUN BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.)

2024-01-26T06:58:22+00:00

Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.) is one of the typical Central Kalimantan plants that has been hereditary used by Dayak people as traditional medicine. Generally, only parts of dayak onion bulbs are used while the onion leaves are often discarded and rarely used. Dayak onion leaves contain secondary metabolites, one of them is flavonoids. Flavonoid compounds have many benefits, namely as an antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anticancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the total flavonoid content contained in etahanol extraction, n-hexane fraction, chloroforom fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, 70% ethanol fraction and dayak onion leaf water fraction. Extraction of onion dayak leaves using maceration method with 70% ethanol as solvent. After extraction the fraction is carried out with a liquid-liquid extract method and different polarity of solvent. The product of extraction and fractionation were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry.The quantitative analysis of total flavonoid content from the highest level of onion dayak fraction chloroform fraction 85,478% ± 0,0019, then n-hexane fraction 60,171% ± 0,0010, water fraction 32,671% ± 0,0005, ethyl acetate fraction 27,934% ± 0, 0002, 70% ethanol extract 15,348% ± 0,0001, and the lowest ethanol 70% fraction 10,104% ± 0,0003.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN TUMBUHAN AKAR KAIK-KAIK (Uncaria cordata (Lour.)Merr) TERHADAP KADAR TRIGLISERIDA SERUM TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) JANTAN

2024-01-26T06:58:49+00:00

Hypertriglyceridemia is a condition when there is an increase in triglyceride levels in the blood. Hypertriglyceridemia can cause heart problems. One of the plants that can be used as medicine is the root plant kaik-kaik (Uncaria cordata (lour.) Merr). This study aims to determine the effect of giving ethanol extract of kaik-kaik (Uncaria cordata (lour.) Merr) leaves on serum triglyceride levels of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The parameters used were serum triglyceride levels of male white rats induced by high fat feed, namely quail egg yolk as much as 10 ml/kgBB. This study used 18 male white rats which were divided into 6 groups with 3 rats per group. The normal group was fed only with rats and Na CMC suspension, the negative group was given high-fat feed induction and Na CMC suspension. The positive group was given high-fat feed induction and 0.9 mg/kgBB of atorvastatin suspension. The treatment group was given high-fat feed and a suspension of ethanol extract of kaik-kaik root leaves at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBB as much as 1% of body weight given orally. The method used was colorimetric enzymatic using a Mindray® photometer (BA-88A) at a wavelength of 510 nm. Triglyceride level data on days 0, 15, 22 and 29 were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test and repeated ANOVA. The results showed that the ethanol extract of kaik-kaik root (Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr) leaves at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kgBB had an effect in reducing serum triglyceride levels of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) indicated by differences. which was significant (p <0.05) with negative control and showed activity to decrease triglyceride levels which was not significantly different (p> 0.05) with atorvastatin.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK DAUN MANGGA MANALAGI TERHADAP MUTU FISIK DAN EFEKTIVITAS TABIR SURYA EMULGEL KOMBINASI OCTINOXATE-AVOBENZONE

2024-01-26T06:59:07+00:00

Avobenzone and octinoxate are often used as a combination of organic UV filters in sunscreen. At high exposure to UV light, these UV filters can be degraded so that their sunscreen’s effectiveness is reduced. Several studies reported that the combination of plant extracts with synthetic UV filters could increase sunscreen's SPF. Mango leaves contain high levels of flavonoids and in several studies have been shown to have photoprotective activity with good Sun Protection Factor (SPF) values. The Manalagi mango plant is a type of mango that is widely planted in yards, so it's easy to get the raw materials. This study aims to determine the effect of manalagi mango leaf extract with a concentration of 1, 3, and 5% on the physical quality (pH, viscosity, spreadability) and sunscreen activity (SPF, %TE, %TP) of sunscreen emulgel containing avobenzone and octinoxate. This study showes that increasing the concentration of manalagi mango leaf extract reduced the pH and viscosity of the preparation, and significantly increased the spreadability of all formulas. Besides that, it can also increase the SPF value and decrease the %TE and %TP values. The emulgel formula that had the highest sunscreen activity was F3 with an extract concentration of 5%, had an SPF value of 30.597 ± 0.600, %TE 0.0001 ± 0.0001, and %TP 0.0038 ± 0.0016.

PENGARUH VARIASI WAKTU PANEN TERHADAP KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL DAUN KUMIS KUCING (Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.)

2024-01-26T06:59:26+00:00

Harvest time influences the formation of optimal active compound content in the areal parts in plant. It is known that differences in harvest time can affect the quality and quantity of traditional plant. Flavonoids are known to be active metabolites in Orthosiphon aristatus with a wide range of bioactivity. This research aims to determine the best harvest time for Orthosiphon aristatus leaves in order to obtain optimal simplicia quality. Plants were harvested in in the morning (06.00-07.00 WIB), in the afternoon (12.00-13.00 WIB) and in the evening (17.00-18.00 WIB). The picked leaves are then sorted, washed and dried using a drying oven before each simplicia is extracted. Extraction uses a maceration technique with 96% ethanol solvent. The simplicia and extracts obtained were analyzed for organoleptic, yield, drying loss and qualitative and quantitative analysis of total flavonoid compounds. Qualitative identification of flavonoids used dilute NaOH, Wilstater Cyanidin, and AlCl₃ reagents, while for quantification total flavonoid levels were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry as Quercetin Equivalent. The difference in harvest time did not affect the organoleptic properties of leaves. The drying loss of simplicia meets the requirements in the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia Edition II (less than 10% w/w). The highest yield of simplicia (23.8% w/w) and extract (11.3% w/w) was produced during the harvest time of 12.00-13.00 WIB, followed by harvesting at 17.00-18.00 and 06.00-07.00 WIB. All extracts contain flavonoids, while the total flavonoid content in each extract showed significant differences. The highest total flavonoid content (4.423+0.029 mgQE/g extract) was related at the harvest time of 17.00-18.00 WIB and the lowest value (4.331+ 0.026 mgQE/g extract) was recorded at the harvest time of 06.00-07.00 WIB. Our findings in Orthosiphon aristatus, may pave the route towards the optimization of quality and quantity by selecting the best harvesting time of the plants.