Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung: Sains Farmasi Dan Kesehatan

ANALISIS RHODAMIN B PADA LIPSTIK IMPOR YANG BEREDAR DI PASAR PAGI KOTA SAMARINDA DENGAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VISIBLE

2025-05-28T21:03:58+00:00

Rhodamine B is commonly used as a dye for textiles (silk, wool, cotton), paint, paper, and clothing. Prolonged ingestion or exposure may irritate the respiratory tract, eyes, and skin, cause nausea and vomiting, and potentially lead to liver cancer or even cell death. This study aims to identify the presence of Rhodamine B dye in imported lipsticks sold at Pasar Pagi, Samarinda City. The research involved both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The qualitative test was conducted using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) with an eluent mixture of ethyl acetate : ethanol : ammonia (11:2:1), while the quantitative test employed UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The qualitative results using TLC showed that sample H had an Rf value of 0.529 cm, which closely resembled the standard Rhodamine B Rf value of 0.623 cm. The quantitative analysis revealed Rhodamine B concentrations in sample A (0.12%), sample B (0.19%), sample C (0.16%), sample F (0.20%), sample G (0.16%), sample H (0.37%), sample I (0.27%), and sample J (0.03%). The validity test indicated a linear result. The precision test showed Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) values of 1.7% for samples G, H, and I. The accuracy test yielded recovery percentages in sample G of 92% (2 ppm), 99% (4 ppm), and 86% (6 ppm); and in sample H of 88% (2 ppm), 98% (4 ppm), and 94% (6 ppm).

PENGEMBANGAN MIKROEMULSI DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% KULIT BATANG BALIK ANGIN (Alphitonia incana (Roxb.) Teijsm & Binn. Ex Kurz)

2025-05-28T21:03:58+00:00

The 96% ethanol extract of Balik angin stem bark contains secondary metabolite compounds that have potential antioxidant activity with a value of 37.00 Â± 1.46Âµg/ml (bpj), the potential for use can be maximized in microemulsion preparations. In microemulsions, one of the ingredients that can affect the stability of the microemulsion is a cosurfactant which can affect the globule size and polydispersity index. Microemulsions were formulated by varying the type and concentration of cosurfactants to determine the optimal formula based on the test parameters of physical characteristics and stability of the preparation. The method used in this research is experimental and in the manufacture of microemulsions, namely the spontaneous emulsification method. The test results show that all formulas in the organoleptic test are clear except F1, the Tyndall test can transmit light, the pH value is 5.4 -5.6, the microemulsion type is M/A, the specific gravity is 1.038-1.064, the viscosity value is less than 200 cPs and the percent transmittance obtained ranges from 90-97%. The globule size test of F2 to F6 (55.03-1045) and the polydispersity index test of F2 to F6 (0.277-0.827), but the results were not detected in F1. The results of statistical tests on pH and specific gravity tests obtained p-value (>0.05), F3 viscosity test obtained p-value (<0.05) and T% test on F1, F4, and F5 obtained p-value (<0.05) so it can be concluded that microemulsion preparations with variations in the type and concentration of cosurfactants have an influence on physical characteristics and stability, and the most optimal formula is F6.

OPTIMASI KOMBINASI SETIL ALKOHOL DAN LANOLIN PADA FORMULA BALSAM STIK DENGAN METODE SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN

2025-05-28T21:03:58+00:00

A Balsam stick is a stick-shaped balsam that is made easier to use. Stiffening agents and emollients are needed to maintain the consistency of the balsam stick. This study aims to determine the optimum formula for balsam sticks with a combination of cetyl alcohol and lanolin. Using the Simplex Lattice Design method, the optimum formula for balsam sticks is obtained through the Design Expert version 13. The analysis results of spreadability, adhesion, and hardness were obtained using the ANOVA test. The optimum formula was obtained with a combination of cetyl alcohol concentration of 40.5% and lanolin 59.5% with a desirability value of 1.000 and the predicted results of spreadability of 3.506 cm, adhesion of 11.597 seconds, and hardness of 9.259 mm. In the evaluation results carried out in the laboratory, the value of the spreadability test was 3.62 Â± 0.08 cm, the adhesion test was 10.92 Â± 0.44 seconds, and the hardness test was 9.029 Â± 0.31 mm. The verification results of the optimum formula were a sig 2-tailed value on spreadability of 0.139, adhesion of 0.120, and hardness of 0.328 where sig 2-tailed >0,05, indicating no significant difference. This suggests that the optimum formula of balsam sticks gives good results and meets the requirements.

PERESEPAN BERPOTENSI TIDAK TEPAT, LUARAN KLINIS DAN EFEK SAMPING OBAT PADA PASIEN GERIATRI DENGAN TERAPI ANTIHIPERTENSI

2025-05-28T21:03:58+00:00

Hypertension in geriatric patients poses a clinical challenge due to age-related physiological changes that increase the risk of Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIM), adverse drug events (ADE), and difficulty in achieving target blood pressure. This study aimed to evaluate potentially inappropriate antihypertensive prescribing using the Indonesian version of the STOPP criteria, assess blood pressure target achievement based on three guidelines (NICE 2019, JNC 8, and ACC/AHA 2017), and identify ADEs assessed using the Naranjo algorithm. This was a descriptive observational study with a prospective approach conducted through medical record review and interviews with hospitalized geriatric patients at Hospital X in Samarinda. The results showed a 23.08% prevalence of PIM, including the use of furosemide without clear indication, clonidine as an antihypertensive, and high-risk diuretic combinations. Failure to achieve blood pressure targets was found in 35.71% (NICE 2019), 28.57% (JNC 8, 2014), and 78.57% (ACC/AHA, 2017), indicating that stricter targets are more difficult to achieve in older adults. There were three ADE cases (21.43%), consisting of two cases of renal dysfunction associated with candesartan and one case of abdominal pain due to furosemide. Causality was assessed using the Naranjo algorithm and validated by clinical pharmacists using the 30th edition of the Drug Information Handbook (2021). This study highlights the importance of individualized antihypertensive therapy evaluation in elderly patients to prevent PIM, improve clinical outcomes, and reduce adverse events. Active involvement of clinical pharmacists and data-driven clinical decision support systems are essential to enhance medication safety and therapeutic effectiveness in the geriatric population.

EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA VIDEO TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN ANTIBIOTIK DI KECAMATAN MENDO BARAT KABUPATEN BANGKA

2025-05-28T21:03:59+00:00

Antibiotics are drugs used to prevent and treat infections caused by bacteria, but there is still a lot of inappropriate use of antibiotics. Inaccurate use of antibiotics increases the risk of antibiotic resistance, namely, bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics. One effort to increase knowledge related to antibiotics is to use video media. Providing digital health information and education with video media is more effective and innovative than other methods. The technique used in this research is quantitative analytic with a one-group pretest-posttest design. Retrieval of data in research using an accidental sampling technique. The number of samples in the study was 394 respondents. The measuring instrument used in the study was a questionnaire given to the people sampled using video media in two pretest and posttest measurements. The study results showed significant differences in changes in knowledge before and after giving knowledge related to antibiotics using video media with a p-value = (0.001 < 0.05). Video media effectively increases the understanding of the people of the West Mendo District about antibiotics.

RASIONALITAS PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS DENGAN ULKUS DIABETIKUM DI BANJARMASIN, KALIMANTAN SELATAN, INDONESIA

2025-05-28T21:03:59+00:00

otential to cause serious complications. Antibiotic therapy is one of the treatment options for patients with diabetic ulcers. Overuse of antibiotics can lead to resistance, which can make therapy less successful. This study aims to determine the percentage of rational antibiotic use and its effect on therapy outcomes in diabetic ulcer patients. This study aims to identify the percentage of rational antibiotic use and its effect on therapeutic outcomes in diabetic ulcer patients in Banjarmasin Hospital. This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional method and data collection in this study was carried out retrospectively during the period July-December 2023. The rationality of antibiotic use was evaluated using the Gyssens method and the correlation of rationality with therapeutic outcomes was analyzed using the chi square test. The study subjects were 94 patients with diabetic ulcers who met the inclusion criteria. The rationality of antibiotic use with the Gyssens category was in category 0 (appropriate) for 65 patients (69%), category IIb (inappropriate interval) for 3 patients (3%), category IIIa (too short) for 10 patients (11%), category IIIb (too long) for 6 patients (6%), category IVa (more effective) for 3 patients (3%), and category IVc (cheaper alternative) for 7 patients (7%). The results of the Chi-Square Test state that there is a significant correlation between the rationality of antibiotic use and therapeutic outcomes in the form of a decrease in the degree of diabetic ulcers. 69% of patients received rational antibiotic therapy and 31% received irrational therapy based on the Gyssens method and there was a correlation between the rationality of antibiotic use and therapeutic outcomes in the form of a decrease in the degree of diabetic ulcers.

EKSPLORASI KANDUNGAN FENOLIK TOTAL BUAH OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) SEBAGAI KANDIDAT PRODUK HERBAL

2025-06-11T12:41:52+00:00

Okra fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is a plant that contains phenolic and flavonoid compounds that have the potential as natural antioxidants and can be utilized in pharmaceutical formulations and health products. This study aims to determine the total phenolic content in 70% ethanol extract of okra fruit and evaluate its physical characteristics. The method used in this study consists of several stages. Extraction was done using the maceration method, with 1,005.88 grams of simplistic powder soaked in 10 liters of 70% ethanol for 5 days, stirring every 24 hours. After maceration, the filtrate from the extraction is filtered using Whatman No.1 filter paper, then evaporated using a rotary vacuum evaporator at 40Â°C until a thick extract is obtained. The extract obtained was tested for physical characteristics through organoleptic testing, including color, odor, and taste. Furthermore, total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, with gallic acid (GAE) as a standard. Absorbance measurements were taken using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 765 nm. The results showed that the thick extract yielded 9.47%, with a DER-native value of 10.56. Organoleptic tests showed that the extract had a blackish-brown color, a distinctive odor of okra fruit, and a bitter taste with a slight tartness, indicating the presence of phenolic compounds and tannins. Determination of total phenolic content showed that okra fruit extract had a phenolic content of 921.21 mg GAE/g extract, which showed potential as a natural antioxidant. The 70% ethanol extract of okra fruit has high phenolic content, so it has the potential to be used as a natural antioxidant in pharmaceutical formulations and natural ingredient-based health products.

PENGARUH UKURAN HOST TERHADAP MUTU FISIK DAN PROFIL DISOLUSI TABLET CAMPURAN INTERAKTIF NIFEDIPIN

2025-05-31T09:09:26+00:00

Homogeneity remains a significant challenge in the production of tablets containing low-dose active pharmaceutical ingredients such as nifedipine. According to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), nifedipine is categorized as a BCS Class II drug, characterized by high permeability but low solubility. The use of an interactive mixture method between a large host as a carrier and a micronized drug/active substance that is interactively attached to the host is an innovation to prevent this problem. This study aims to evaluate the effect of varying host particle sizes on the homogeneity, physical quality, and dissolution profile of nifedipine interactive mixture tablets. Five tablet formulations were developed, each employing different host particle sizes: formula 1 (16/40 mesh), formula 2 (18/40 mesh), formula 3 (20/40 mesh), formula 4 (25/40 mesh), and formula 5 (30/40 mesh). The host carrier was prepared by mixing Avicel PH 101 and lactose in a 1:1 ratio, followed by granulation using PVP as a binder. Tablet production was conducted via direct compression, involving a one-hour mixing of nifedipine with each host size (homogeneity test), followed by a five-minute mixing with magnesium stearate prior to compression. The resulting tablets were evaluated for their physical quality, including friability, hardness, disintegration time, and dissolution rate. The findings indicated that host particle size significantly influenced both the physical characteristics and the dissolution behavior of the nifedipine interactive mixture tablets. Among all formulations, formula 5, with a 30/40 mesh host particle size, yielded tablets with greater hardness, lower friability, and an enhanced dissolution rate compared to formula 1 (16/40 mesh), formula 2 (18/40 mesh), formula 3 (20/40 mesh) dan formula 4 (25/40 mesh).

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI FISIK SEDIAAN EYESHADOW STICK DARI EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH TERONG BELANDA (Solanum betaceum Cav.) SEBAGAI PEWARNA ALAMI

2025-05-28T21:03:59+00:00

The skin of the Dutch eggplant contains anthocyanin compounds that serve as colorants. The skin exhibits an attractive red color, making it a potential natural dye alternative in cosmetics. This study aims to formulate and evaluate the physical properties of an eyeshadow stick made from Dutch eggplant skin extract. An experimental research method was employed, creating four formulations of the eyeshadow stick by varying the concentration of the Dutch eggplant skin extract: F0 (0%), F1 (6%), F2 (12%), and F3 (24%). Physical evaluations of the eyeshadow stick were conducted weekly over four weeks at room temperature (25Â°C), assessing parameters such as organoleptic properties, homogeneity, spreadability, and melting point. Additionally, a cycling test was performed over six cycles for 12 days, along with irritation tests and preference tests involving 10 volunteers. The results indicated that the organoleptic properties of the three formulations resulted in light pink, medium pink, and dark pink colors, with a white base, a rose scent, and a semi-solid form. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in spreadability among F0, F1, F2, and F3, showing that as the extract concentration increased, spreadability decreased, falling within the range of 5-7 cm. All formulations remained stable during storage according to the cycling test results. The irritation tests revealed that none of the formulations caused redness, itching, or swelling. The best formulation was identified as F3 with a 24% extract concentration.

EVALUASI KIMIA FISIKA DAN UJI STABILITAS SEDIAAN COLD CREAM YANG MENGANDUNG EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN CIPLUKAN (Physalis angulata L.) DENGAN 3 JENIS MINYAK Olive, Caprylic Dan Parafin

2025-05-28T21:03:59+00:00

Physalis angulata L. (ciplukan) is an annual plant with potential medicinal properties, including pain relief. This study aims to formulate a cold cream containing ciplukan leaf extract and evaluate its physical stability. The leaf extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. Cold cream formulations were prepared with extract concentrations of 0%, 5%, and 10%, utilizing three types of oils (olive, caprylic, and paraffin). Evaluations included organoleptic properties, pH, homogeneity, adhesion, spreadability, viscosity, cream type, and stability, analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. Results showed that all formulations exhibited good physical properties and were classified as oil-in-water (O/W) type creams. pH values ranged from 4 to 6, adhesion times from 1.19 to 4.94 seconds, and spreadability from 4.52 to 5.16 cm, with no significant differences among extract concentrations or oil types (p > 0.05). Increasing the extract concentration from 5% to 10% resulted in a slight decrease in pH, which remained within the safe range, maintained homogeneity, slightly reduced spreadability, and improved physical stability, especially at 10%. The formulation containing 10% ciplukan leaf extract showed the best stability and was well accepted as a cold cream preparation.